Global cryptocurrency market capitalization has exploded, reaching $3.32 trillion as of January 2025—up more than tenfold from early 2021—underscoring the asset class’s rapid maturation from fringe experiment to mainstream finance (Fortunly, 2025). This expansion is mirrored in an unprecedented user base: over 560 million individuals worldwide now own cryptocurrencies, reflecting a near‑doubling of adoption since 2021 (Triple‑A, 2024). Institutional investors have followed suit. BlackRock’s iShares Bitcoin Trust (IBIT) shattered ETF records by amassing $50 billion in assets under management within its first 228 days—solid evidence that regulated crypto exposure has become indispensable for traditional portfolios (Decrypt, 2025).
Alongside institutional demand, decentralized finance (DeFi) has emerged as a transformational frontier. Total value locked across DeFi protocols surged from $5 billion at the end of 2020 to over $150 billion by December 2023, driven by lending platforms, automated market makers, and real‑world asset tokenization (Phoenix Group, 2025). In late 2024, DeFi TVL had climbed past $190 billion, marking a 2.5× increase over the prior year and signaling growing confidence in permissionless financial services (UPay Blog, 2025)
This private‑sector innovation has prompted central banks to accelerate digital‑currency initiatives. A mid‑2024 Bank for International Settlements survey revealed that 94% of the 86 surveyed central banks are now exploring or developing retail or wholesale CBDCs to modernize payment systems and enhance financial stability (BIS, 2024). High‑profile multi‑CBDC platforms like mBridge have reached minimum‑viable‑product stages, while retail‑oriented pilots move steadily toward launch—signaling a shift in how sovereign money may operate in the near future.
Yet despite these global advances, Africa’s digital‑asset markets remain under‑leveraged. Sub‑Saharan Africa accounted for only 2.7% of global on‑chain transaction volume—approximately $125 billion—between July 2023 and June 2024, reflecting both the region’s smaller GDP and its emergent crypto ecosystems (Chainalysis, 2024). Nigeria stands out, however, ranking second globally in grassroots adoption and receiving $59 billion in on‑chain value over the same period; Kenya (21 st), Ghana (29 th), and South Africa (31 st) also feature in the top 50 (Chainalysis, 2024). Regulatory frameworks, however, are lagging: only one‑quarter of Sub‑Saharan African countries have formal crypto‑asset laws, exposing stakeholders to policy uncertainty and enforcement gaps (IMF, 2022)
With global crypto and DeFi ecosystems scaling new heights, Africa stands at a strategic inflection point. Will the continent harness blockchain to accelerate financial inclusion, empower its youth, and integrate its economies into the digital‑finance era? Or will weak regulation and infrastructure leave African nations dependent on external platforms, sacrificing local innovation and risking digital marginalization? The ensuing sections argue that bold, coordinated policy action is imperative to ensure Africa not only boards the crypto renaissance but steers it.
The Case for Urgency – Why Africa Must Act Now
Global Precedents of Leapfrogging
From Latin America to Southeast Asia and Eastern Europe, emerging‑market economies are harnessing cryptocurrency to leapfrog traditional financial barriers. In Latin America, four countries—Brazil (9th), Argentina (15th), Mexico (16th)—rank among the top 20 in Chainalysis’s 2023 Global Crypto Adoption Index, reflecting grassroots embrace of digital assets amid inflationary pressures (Chainalysis, 2023). Southeast Asia’s markets, led by Vietnam (1st), the Philippines (5th), Indonesia (13th), and Thailand (12th), have similarly integrated crypto into everyday commerce and DeFi experimentation (Chainalysis, 2023). Eastern Europe, too, has seen vigorous adoption: Ukraine (2nd) and Russia (7th) exhibit high per‑capita on‑chain transaction volumes, fueled by remittance needs and alternative‑finance innovation. These regions demonstrate that with clear regulatory signals and supportive infrastructure, emerging economies can capture outsized benefits from the crypto revolution—charting a path that African nations cannot afford to ignore.
Economic Stakes and Youth Demographics
The global crypto market now exceeds $3.3 trillion, with over 560 million users worldwide (Fortunly, 2025; Triple‑A, 2024), offering unprecedented channels for trade, investment, and financial inclusion. Africa’s demographic profile makes it especially ripe for digital‑asset transformation: Sub‑Saharan Africa’s median age is just 19.7 years, and by 2030 nearly 60% of its population will be under 25 (United Nations DESA, 2024). Young Africans are digital natives accustomed to mobile‑first solutions, yet unemployment rates among youth exceed 30% in many countries (ILO, 2023). Crypto and DeFi platforms can provide alternative pathways for entrepreneurship, cross‑border freelancing, and peer‑to‑peer finance—opportunities that risk slipping away if regulatory frameworks remain absent or ambiguous.
Costs of Inaction
Delaying strategic engagement with the crypto economy carries steep risks. Without clear laws, investor uncertainty will drive capital to offshore platforms—Latin American jurisdictions attracted $2.7 billion in venture funding for crypto firms in 2022, while African startups raised just $1.12 billion overall in 2024, a gap that risks widening absent policy reforms (Inter‑American Development Bank, 2024; Disrupt Africa, 2025). Informal crypto markets flourish in regulatory vacuums, exposing retail users to fraud and market manipulation. Moreover, talent flight looms large: blockchain developers from Nigeria, Kenya, and South Africa increasingly relocate to London, Dubai, and Singapore in search of legal certainty and investment, further depleting Africa’s nascent fintech ecosystems. If African governments do not act swiftly to define, license, and supervise digital‑asset activities, the continent may find itself excluded from decentralized finance’s growth engines—and face not only economic marginalization, but also the loss of a generation’s brightest innovators.
Missed Opportunities Without Regulation
Legislative Vacuums Across Africa
Despite the clear promise of digital‑asset markets, most African nations have yet to enact dedicated crypto‑asset legislation. According to an IMF survey, only about 25% of Sub‑Saharan African countries formally regulate cryptocurrencies, while two‑thirds have implemented some restrictions, and six nations—including Cameroon, Ethiopia, Lesotho, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, and the Republic of Congo—have outright bans (Fuje, Quayyum, & Molosiwa, 2022). Countries such as Ghana, Kenya, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Algeria remain in legal limbo, lacking the guardrails necessary to foster secure investment and innovation (Nairametrics, 2024). This legislative silence leaves local entrepreneurs and investors navigating a patchwork of informal norms, undermining confidence and discouraging the domestic development of blockchain solutions.
Consequences of Policy Silence
What happens when policy makers fail to act? Investor uncertainty proliferates, deterring both local and international venture capital (VC) from flowing into African crypto startups. In 2022, Latin American jurisdictions attracted $2.7 billion in crypto‑related VC funding, whereas African ventures raised just $1.12 billion in 2024—an investment gap that risks widening without clear regulatory signals (Inter‑American Development Bank, 2024; Disrupt Africa, 2025). Moreover, the absence of formal oversight fuels illicit‑finance concerns: unlicensed platforms and peer‑to‑peer channels operate beyond the reach of AML/CFT controls, eroding trust and exposing retail users to fraud (Fuje et al., 2022). Informal markets also fail to generate reliable data on adoption and usage, obscuring the true scale of opportunity and risk in Africa’s digital‑asset economy.
Foreign Platforms Filling the Void
In regulatory vacuums, global crypto giants step in—and risk establishing a form of “digital colonialism.” Binance, the world’s largest exchange, commands a dominant 52–72% share of African crypto‑exchange users, according to its own regional survey (Binance, 2025). Such concentration not only redirects trading volumes and fee revenues offshore but also sidelines homegrown platforms and intermediaries that could otherwise generate local employment and technological know‑how. Without proactive legislation to level the playing field—through licensing requirements, local‑entity provisions, and market‑integrity standards—African economies risk ceding control of their digital‑finance ecosystems to foreign incumbents, forfeiting the very innovation and economic empowerment that crypto promises.
The Economic Promise of Crypto for Africa
DeFi as a Catalyst for SME and Youth Financing
Decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms have unlocked new, permissionless credit markets that bypass traditional bank lending constraints. Global DeFi total value locked surged from $5 billion at the end of 2020 to over $150 billion by December 2023, driven by on‑chain lending protocols and automated market makers (Phoenix Group, 2025). In Sub‑Saharan Africa, where small and medium enterprises (SMEs) face a finance gap estimated at $331 billion—equivalent to nearly 38 percent of formal SMEs being credit constrained—DeFi offers a complementary channel for on‑chain credit scoring and peer‑to‑peer loans without the high collateral requirements of conventional banks (International Finance Corporation, 2018). In integrating digital‑ID standards and smart‑contract insurance, DeFi can democratize access to working capital, fuel youth entrepreneurship, and scale innovative business models across the continent.
Agricultural Tokenization and Supply Chain Financing
Blockchain‑based supply‑chain finance can directly address the global trade‑finance gap, which reached an estimated $2.5 trillion in 2022—10 percent of global merchandise trade—according to the Asian Development Bank (2023). In Africa, an IFC assessment found that SMEs in ten surveyed countries alone face a combined financing shortfall of $21 billion, impeding value creation in critical sectors such as agriculture (World Bank enterprise surveys, 2022). Tokenizing warehouse receipts, crop‑yield derivatives, and receivables on distributed‑ledger platforms enhance transparency and reduces counterparty risk, enabling farmers and agribusinesses to tap into global liquidity pools at lower costs. Such innovations can shorten cash‑flow cycles, improve price discovery, and mobilize working capital for smallholders long excluded from formal trade‑finance markets.
Diaspora Remittances and Stablecoins
Remittances to Sub‑Saharan Africa totaled approximately $54 billion in 2023, providing a vital lifeline for households yet burdened by high transfer fees and slow settlement (World Bank, 2023). The average cost of sending $200 to the region was 7.9 percent in Q2 2023, nearly double the Sustainable Development Goal target of 3 percent (World Bank, 2023). In contrast, stablecoin corridors anchored by regulated issuers and on‑chain settlement can reduce transaction costs to under 2 percent and enable near‑instant transfers across borders (World Bank, 2023). When paired with licensed digital‑asset service providers operating under clear AML/CFT frameworks, these corridors can harness diaspora inflows more efficiently, strengthen foreign‑exchange positions, and channel savings into productive investments rather than informal cash networks.
Trade Finance under AfCFTA
The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) is already reshaping intra‑African commerce: intra‑regional trade reached $192.2 billion in 2023, up 3.2 percent year‑on‑year, yet still represents less than 15 percent of total African trade (Afreximbank, 2024). Integrating tokenized letters of credit and blockchain‑enabled documentation within AfCFTA’s Digital Trade Protocol can slash transaction times from weeks to hours, reduce the need for documentary credit, and lower fraud risks. Moreover, a 2024 Economist Impact study projects that fully realized AfCFTA implementation—including digital‑asset corridors—could increase intra‑African trade by over 50 percent by 2025 and add up to $450 billion to Africa’s GDP by 2035 (Economist Impact, 2024).
Blockchain for Climate Finance
Global supply chains account for up to 30 percent of total carbon emissions, highlighting the urgent need for transparent, verifiable decarbonization pathways (ICC, 2023). Tokenized carbon credits—where each token represents a verified tonne of CO₂ abatement—can provide real‑time traceability and reduce project‑financing risk, attracting both public and private capital to reforestation, renewable‑energy, and sustainable‑agriculture projects. In establishing national registries for carbon‑credit tokens and integrating them with voluntary and compliance markets, African countries can mobilize climate finance at scale, align with Paris‑Agreement goals, and position themselves as leaders in emerging green‑token markets.
Spotlight on Youth and Innovation
Africa’s greatest asset in the crypto revolution is its youth. With a median age of just 19.7 years and an ever‑growing cohort of digital natives, the continent boasts one of the world’s youngest workforces (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2024). These tech‑savvy young Africans navigate mobile‑first ecosystems with ease, yet youth unemployment remains staggeringly high—often exceeding 30% in many nations (International Labour Organization, 2023). Cryptocurrency and blockchain present novel routes to enterprise and employment that bypass traditional barriers, offering peer‑to‑peer finance, decentralized marketplaces, and token‑based business models as accessible pathways for a generation eager to innovate.
Homegrown success stories underscore this dynamic. Yellow Card, founded in Nigeria in 2019, has expanded into 20 African countries and employs about 270 people, facilitating over $3 billion in transaction volume by late 2024 (Pan & Moon, 2024). Its pivot toward licensed stablecoin services and B2B treasury solutions demonstrates how African startups can rapidly scale by solving real‑world problems—managing currency volatility and remittance friction—through blockchain innovation.
Similarly, Chipper Cash exemplifies youth‑driven fintech growth. Co‑founded by two African expatriates in 2018, the platform grew from roughly 2 million registered users in 2020 to over 5 million by the end of 2021, powering free peer‑to‑peer payments across seven African markets (Forbes, 2021). Even amid the global fintech downturn, Chipper reported more than $100 million in revenue last year, underscoring robust consumer demand and the viability of crypto‑enabled services (Afridigest, 2023)
South Africa’s VALR also highlights institutional innovation led by a youthful entrepreneurial class. Founded in 2018 and now licensed by the FSCA, VALR serves over 600,000 retail customers and more than 1,000 institutional clients, offering spot, margin, futures, and staking products as it prepares to expand globally (Reuters, 2024). Its rapid licensing and diverse product suite demonstrate how regulatory clarity can unlock sophisticated service offerings and attract institutional participation.
Even nascent players like Fonbnk illustrate the power of lean, youth‑led fintech ventures. With just nine employees and $3.87 million in total funding, Fonbnk bridges prepaid mobile‑airtime economies to stablecoins, enabling unbanked users to participate in the digital‑asset economy (PitchBook, 2025). In combining local payment customs with blockchain rails, Fonbnk showcases how agile startups can deliver inclusive financial solutions at minimal scale.
These cases reveal a vibrant, youth‑powered fintech ecosystem that thrives where regulation and infrastructure support innovation. As African nations craft their crypto roadmaps, nurturing and scaling these entrepreneurial successes will be key to ensuring the continent’s digital‑finance future is homegrown, inclusive, and resilient.
Building an African Crypto Vision
Regional Licensing Frameworks
To unlock the continent’s full potential, African policymakers should adopt harmonized licensing frameworks modeled on the AfCFTA Digital Trade Protocol (DTP). The DTP’s Part III lays out common principles for electronic payments, data interoperability, and the treatment of fintechs, expressly mandating that State Parties “promote common and open standards to enable the interoperability of frameworks and systems to facilitate cross‐border digital trade” (AfCFTA Secretariat, 2024, Art. 3e; AfCFTA Secretariat, 2024, Art. 3g). In embedding “same activity, same risk, same regulation” principles into regional statutes—whether via ECOWAS, the East African Community (EAC), or SADC—member states can streamline licensing for Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs), reduce compliance costs, and enable a single regulatory “passport” for licensed entities across multiple jurisdictions.
Pan‑African Crypto Rail
Building on the success of the Pan‑African Payment and Settlement System (PAPSS), which has already demonstrated up to $5 billion in annual cost savings by enabling instant, local‑currency settlement among West African Monetary Zone members (Afreximbank, 2019), Africa can develop a dedicated blockchain‑based “crypto rail.” This architecture would layer tokenized‑asset settlement atop PAPSS’s net‑settlement engine, allowing regulated stablecoins and tokenized securities to clear continent‑wide in minutes. In leveraging ISO 20022 interoperability standards and open‑source smart‑contract libraries, the rail would ensure that digital‑asset transactions benefit from both the security of permissioned networks and the efficiency of decentralized validation.
Education and Skills Development
Sustainable growth of Africa’s crypto economy hinges on a pipeline of skilled professionals. Leading universities have begun integrating blockchain into their curricula: the University of Johannesburg launched a formal blockchain certification in 2022, while Covenant University in Nigeria embeds blockchain modules within its Bachelor’s in Fintech program, collaborating with industry hackathons to give students real‑world exposure (Web3Africa.news, 2023). Pan‑African initiatives such as the Africa Blockchain Institute offer standardized, expert‑led training and research, partnering with organizations to deliver courses that meet global benchmarks (Africa Blockchain Institute, 2024). Governments and the AU should incentivize such programs through scholarships, accreditation frameworks, and public–private grants to ensure that blockchain literacy reaches beyond elite institutions into technical colleges and online platforms targeting vulnerable and rural populations.
Multi‑Stakeholder Collaboration
Realizing this vision requires institutional coordination from the African Union down to national regulators. The AU’s Digital Transformation Strategy (2020–2030) under Agenda 2063 emphasizes e‑skills development—targeting 300 million Africans annually for basic digital competencies by 2025—and calls for pan‑African e‑applications and services to drive inclusive growth (AU, 2020; AU, 2022). Implementing “crypto councils” at country level—mirroring the AU Digital Economy Task Force—would bring together central banks, securities regulators, telecom operators, blockchain‑analytics firms, and civil‑society groups to co‑create regulation, oversee sandboxes, and monitor market integrity. Regional development banks, notably the African Development Bank, can seed innovation hubs that co‑host policymakers, academics, and startups, ensuring that Africa’s crypto future is co‑designed by all stakeholders, anchored in continental integration goals, and aligned with Agenda 2063’s vision of a digitally empowered, united, and prosperous Africa.
Overcoming the Barriers
Managing Risks: Scams, Volatility, and Consumer Protection
Crypto’s volatility and the prevalence of fraudulent schemes often dominate headlines, fueling public skepticism. In 2024 alone, the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission in Nigeria reported 792 arrests in a crackdown on crypto‑romance scams, highlighting how unregulated markets become fertile ground for sophisticated fraud (Reuters, 2024). To inoculate consumers, governments must mandate clear disclosure requirements—standardized risk warnings, volatility dashboards, and historical performance data—on every platform. Investor‑education campaigns, co‑designed with consumer‑rights groups, can demystify common scam vectors and equip users to recognize phishing, pump‑and‑dump tactics, and fake token launches. Coupled with enforceable liability provisions for platforms that fail to report or remediate fraudulent activity, these measures can restore trust without stifling innovation.
Strengthening Cybersecurity, KYC/AML, and Digital Identity
Effective crypto regulation hinges on robust cybersecurity and identity frameworks. In Sub‑Saharan Africa, only 56% of the population has access to reliable electricity, while 43% have internet connectivity and roughly 49% own smartphones, limiting the reach of digital‑only solutions (World Bank, 2023; GSMA, 2024). Nevertheless, national digital‑ID programs are advancing: as of mid‑2024, 22 African countries had launched foundational ID systems, with 14 at advanced implementation stages, enabling more secure e‑KYC processes for virtual‑asset accounts (World Bank ID4D, 2024). Regulators should leverage these digital‑ID platforms to enforce risk‑based due diligence, transaction monitoring, and cross‑border AML/CFT information‑sharing. Public–private partnerships with blockchain‑analytics firms can further bolster surveillance, detecting suspicious on‑chain patterns and automating alerts to enforcement agencies.
Bridging Digital Infrastructure Gaps
Crypto’s promise depends on reliable power, connectivity, and device access—resources still unevenly distributed across Africa. Nearly 600 million people in Sub‑Saharan Africa lacked electricity in 2023, and rural electrification rates remain below 30% in many nations (World Bank, 2023). Solar‑hybrid mini‑grids, such as those deployed by Husk Power Systems and Easy Solar, have demonstrated the feasibility of off‑grid power solutions, equipping communities with stable energy for mobile‑charging hubs and blockchain‑node operation (AP News, 2024). Concurrently, satellite‑based internet services and public Wi‑Fi initiatives can close connectivity gaps, while targeted subsidies for entry‑level smartphones will ensure broader device ownership. In integrating energy‑and‑connectivity planning into crypto‑economy roadmaps, governments can generate the basic infrastructure upon which digital‑asset ecosystems depend.
Regulatory Pathways: Sandboxes and Public‑Private Consultation
Finally, adaptive regulation via sandboxes and multi‑stakeholder forums can balance innovation with consumer safety. As of late 2024, at least 15 African countries operated fintech sandboxes, with several—Ghana, Nigeria, South Africa, Kenya, and Mauritius—explicitly admitting crypto and blockchain pilots (Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance, 2024). Effective sandboxes define clear entry criteria, consumer‑protection safeguards, and transparent exit pathways to full licensing. Complementing these experiments, national “crypto councils” that convene regulators, industry leaders, academia, and civil society can ensure continuous policy refinement, rapid response to emerging risks, and the co‑creation of technical standards. These consultative processes—backed by regular public reporting—will help African regulators stay ahead of evolving crypto‑innovations, ensuring that safeguards adapt in real time without hampering growth.
Recommendations and Roadmap
Immediate Policy Actions for Governments and Central Banks
African governments and central banks must act swiftly to establish interim frameworks that bring digital‑asset activities into the light of regulation. First, ministries of finance should issue provisional crypto‑asset guidelines—defining payment tokens, security tokens, and stablecoins within existing securities and payment‑services laws—while mandating risk‑based customer‐due‑diligence, transaction monitoring, and suspicious‐activity reporting aligned with FATF Recommendation 15 (IMF, 2023). Simultaneously, central banks should collaborate with national‑ID authorities to integrate digital‑identity verification into licensing regimes, ensuring that all Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs) enforce robust e‑KYC procedures enabled by foundational ID systems now operational in over 22 African countries (World Bank ID4D, 2024). Finally, establishing multi‑stakeholder fintech councils—with representation from central banks, securities regulators, telecoms, blockchain analytics firms, and consumer advocates—will institutionalize public‑private dialogue essential for refining regulations in real time and for overseeing controlled sandbox environments (IMF, 2023; Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance, 2024).
Leveraging Continental and Regional Institutions
Continental bodies offer the legal and financial architecture to scale these reforms. The AfCFTA Digital Trade Protocol (DTP) provides a harmonizing template for electronic‑payment interoperability, non‑discriminatory treatment of digital services, and data‑protection standards across all 54 member states—principles that should be extended to crypto‑asset licensing to create a true Digital‑Asset Passport (AfCFTA Secretariat, 2024). To finance the necessary digital infrastructure, the African Development Bank (AfDB) can mobilize its ICT and infrastructure funds—such as the $20 million equity investment in AIIF4 aimed at fostering private‑sector participation in emerging technologies (AfDB, 2024)—to co‑fund blockchain backbone projects and national innovation hubs. Moreover, the AfDB’s “Mobilizing Access to the Digital Economy” (MADE) Alliance partnership with Mastercard, which has infused $300 million into digital‑ID and fintech infrastructure, demonstrates how multilateral development finance can underwrite pan‑African digital platforms that support regulated crypto corridors (AfDB, 2024; PYMNTS, 2024).
Mobilizing Ethical Crypto Venture Capital
To bridge the $1.6 billion funding gap between Latin America’s $2.7 billion and Africa’s $1.12 billion crypto‑startup investments in 2024, governments should adopt investor‑friendly policies—such as tax incentives for green‑field blockchain ventures and streamlined entity formation for incubators—while enforcing clear exit‑tax and operational guidelines that reassure global VCs about regulatory certainty (Inter‑American Development Bank, 2024; Disrupt Africa, 2025). Partnerships with leading ethical crypto funds, including Binance Smart Chain’s $1 billion Growth Fund and CV Labs incubator programs, can be formalized through co‑investment vehicles that prioritize startups addressing local needs—agri‑tokenization, remittance‑stablecoins, and digital‑ID solutions—thereby channeling capital into homegrown innovation rather than offshore platforms (Binance Smart Chain Fund, 2021).
Fostering African‑Led Digital‑Asset Initiatives
Beyond regulation and financing, Africa must cultivate its own digital currencies and tokenized ecosystems. National authorities should explore issuing interoperable stablecoins—backed by basket‑currencies or commodity reserves—to complement CBDC pilots such as Nigeria’s eNaira and Ghana’s e‑Cedi, both of which have already demonstrated consumer demand and financial‑inclusion benefits (BIS, 2024; RegTech Africa, 2024). Concurrently, pan‑African consortia can develop sector‑specific tokens—for carbon credits, agricultural commodities, and intra‑regional trade—that leverage open‑source blockchain standards and shared governance models. In embedding these innovations within AfCFTA’s Digital Trade Protocol and linking them to PAPSS settlement rails, African states can ensure that local digital‑asset platforms serve African users first, reinforce monetary sovereignty, and generate data‑driven insights that inform future policy (World Bank, 2019).
Dr David King Boison
Maritime & Port Expert | AI Consultant | Senior Research Fellow CIMAG| CEO Knowledge Web Center
[email protected]
Prof. Raphael Nyarkotey Obu
Professor of Naturopathy | Barrister & Solicitor (The Gambia Bar)| Chartered Health Economist| President, Nyarkotey College of Holistic Medicine & Technology
[email protected]
