“Unlimited power is apt to corrupt the minds of those who possess it.” William Pitt
Ghana’s Parliament, a unicameral legislature with 276 members elected every four years through a first-past-the-post system, has long been a cornerstone of the nation’s democracy. However, as the country evolves politically, debates about institutional reforms have gained momentum. One proposal worthy of consideration is the two-term limit for Members of Parliament (MPs). This article examines the potential benefits of such a policy and its implications for Ghana’s governance.
Ghana’s parliamentary system allows MPs to serve indefinitely, provided they win re-election. While this fosters continuity, critics argue it risks entrenching political elites and stifling fresh leadership. The lack of term limits contrasts with the presidency, which is restricted to two four-year terms under the 1992 Constitution. Proponents of parliamentary term limits suggest aligning legislative service with executive accountability to strengthen democratic norms.
Enhanced Accountability and Reduced Complacency: A fixed tenure could incentivise MPs to prioritize impactful legislation and constituency service, knowing their time in office is finite. Currently, MPs face little pressure to deliver results beyond electoral cycles, leading to perceptions of complacency. For instance, Ghana’s Parliament has faced criticism for delayed bills and absenteeism. Term limits might compel MPs to focus on legacy-building rather than perpetual re-election campaigns.
Increased Political Inclusion and Youth Representation: With 14.5% female representation and an average MP age skewed toward older demographics, Ghana’s Parliament lags in diversity. Term limits could create opportunities for younger candidates and marginalised groups. For example, the 2025 Parliament includes only 40 women out of 275 members, highlighting systemic barriers that term limits might help dismantle by opening seats more frequently
Curbing Corruption and Patronage Networks: Long-serving MPs often consolidate power through patronage, which can fuel corruption. A two-term cap would disrupt such networks, reducing opportunities for graft. This aligns with Ghana’s constitutional emphasis on “probity and accountability”. Notably, the 2020 alleged bribery scandal involving an MP underscores the risks of unchecked incumbency
Strengthening Party Systems and Internal Democracy: Term limits would force political parties to nurture new talent, fostering competitive primaries and reducing reliance on established figures. For example, the dominance of the National Democratic Congress (NDC) and New Patriotic Party (NPP) in Ghana’s Parliament, holding 183 and 92 seats respectively in 2024, could benefit from internal renewal
Challenges and Considerations: Critics will argue that term limits might deprive Parliament of experienced lawmakers and institutional memory. For instance, Speaker Alban Bagbin, first elected in 2021, brought decades of legislative expertise to his role. However, these long-serving MPs can serve as mentors to young legislators and, in special cases, as consultants. Indeed, implementing term limits would require a constitutional amendment, necessitating a referendum under Article 290. The constitutional review committee may consider this amendment in the current review. This is essential because Members of Parliament may hesitate to make bold or necessary decisions out of fear that such actions might shorten their political careers.
To lead is not merely to survive the next election; it is to steward the present with a conscience toward the future. History does not remember those who preserved their seats; it remembers those who upheld principles in moments when it was least convenient. Decisions that challenge the status quo or disturb immediate comfort are often the very ones that carve the path for national renewal. The pursuit of power for its own sake is a fragile legacy. But the courage to act in the public interest, even at political cost, is the mark of statesmanship. Great leadership lies not in self-preservation, but in principled conviction.
In conclusion, introducing a two-term limit for MPs could rejuvenate Ghana’s democracy by fostering accountability, inclusivity, and innovation. While challenges exist, the potential benefits align with the constitutional vision of a government “for the welfare of the people”. As Ghana reviews its constitution, this reform deserves rigorous public debate, a testament to the nation’s enduring commitment to democratic progress.
“It is not healthy for a nation when its leaders become monuments.” Gore Vidal
